listen to books based on brain science

listen to books based on brain scienceA new way to read/listen to books based on brain scienceIn 1986, Dr. Sinah Goode and Dr. Richard A. Magill published a study called, Contextual interference effects in learning three badminton serves.As a reminder, badminton is like a mix between tennis and ping-pong with a funny looking feathery rubber thingy you hit.In the study, the goal was to test different learning approaches to see which ones created the best wertmiger zuwachs outcomes.Group 1 practiced in a block manner with very little interference. Specifically, the people in group one practiced one serve over and over and over for an entire day. Then on day 2, they practiced a different serve over and over, etc. On day 3, they practiced a third serve all day. Hence, they blocked their practice to ensure repetition of the same swing each day. Then they were tested on all three serves.Group 2 practiced in a serial manner with mixed interferences. Specifically, the people in group two pra cticed each of the three swings daily, one at a time. So for a period of time, they would practice swing one, then swing two, then swing three. They repeated this serial practice style for three days and were then tested on all three serves.Group 3 practiced in a random manner with high interferences. Specifically, the people in group three were told to practice the three shots in whatever order they wanted for three days. After the three days, they were tested on all three serves.Common wisdom suggests that Group 1 would perfasson the best, since they likely practiced each serve more than the other groups. Indeed, there were less interruptions and there was more repetition.Over and over and over. This is how habits are formed and mastery developed, right?Actually, not so much.Repetition and a lack of interruptions is good for the short run. Indeed, the people in Group 1 had a huge surge of skill development in the beginning of the study, but actually tested the worst when game day came. They plateaued quickly and bonked when it mattered.The true definition of learning is your ability to TRANSFER your learning from one situation or environment to another. This is why so many people fall apart in the big moment. Their practice environment didnt reflect the realities of a volatile world.This is why the public education system often sets people up for failure in the real world. The childrens learning becomes overly systematized and sterile, lacking unanticipated interruptions or unexpected scenarios.Education should never be boring and sterile. The brain doesnt like boring. Flow and boring arent generally correlated. Interestingly, boredom is getting a lot of attention as a key to creativity, which is totally ridiculous. Boredom is not good for the brain - novelty, challenge, and excitement are fantastic for the brain.The reason boredom is getting so much hype is because people are addicted to technology, and thus have become bad at focus. Its not boredom you wa nt, its excited focus.The third group tested the best of the three.Why?Because throughout their practice, their brain learned to adjust itself to the different serves. The people in Group 3 would often practice serve one for a bit then serve three then serve one then two then one then three, etc. Constant adjusting and switching, which is so good for adaptability and transfer of learning.When you learn in a highly routine and repetitious way, your brain isnt forced to continually adjust itself. Instead, you quickly advance but then your brain stops making deep connections. You quickly get bored and the learning is less fun and less intense.Alfruchtwein the opposite of what weve been taught about learning is reflective of the science on how the brain learns.The following are the key reasons the random practice group performed better in the test.Continually shifting environments is key to being able to perform in all environmentsInterruptions are actually good for learning, because wh en you come back your brain has to work extra hard to remember what you were doingScrambling your focus disrupts the melancholy and monotony of routine - the brain thrives on novelty and challengeWhat about deep work?This doesnt mean that deep work and deep focus arent essential. Instead, this science challenges us to take a deeper look at what focus, practice, learning, and performance even mean.For example, Cal Newport, the person who wrote the book Deep Work isnt just focused on one thing. He is a university professor who does a lot of research. He is also a blogger and author, which although similar is a totally different skill. Hes also married and has three kids.He doesnt just have ONE THING.He is constantly switching from one role to another. He interrupts one project and dives into another. And while working on one project, his subconscious mind is actually mulling over and working out the problems of his other projects. Often, stepping away and taking a break from one thin g is the most productive thing you can do.When you interrupt what youre doing and work on something else, your brain becomes more adaptive and flexible.When you come back to a project after an interruption, your brain is forced to go deeper into the memory well to retrieve what you were doing. This intensified memory retrieval actually deepens the memory, making it deeper learned and ingrained.Hence, although the badminton players who were constantly adjusting took longer for their learning to develop, their long-term learning and high stakes performance were much higher.They were not only more fluid in different environments, but they actually had deeper learning with each of the individual serves. Thus, not only was the expertise higher, but they were more adaptive.Game over.The problem with habit formation as a goalA good shock often helps the brain that has been atrophied by habit. - Napoleon HillHabits in and of themselves arent good for you. Yes, some habits are better than o thers. But all habits, even the best ones, can lead to atrophy and must eventually be disrupted.What got you here wont get you there.The same workout routine, no matter how good, will eventually stop pushing your brain and body. The moment your goal becomes to maintain where you are, the world has nothing to do with you but throw you away. Its obvious when someone is going through the motions, no matter how refined that process has become.The best habit you can have is actually to continually be shattering your habits in an upward fashion. The real world isnt an academic science lab with no interruptions. The real world is filled with uncertainty and changing at an exponential rate.Hence, the words of Charles Darwin are actually truer now than ever It is not the strongest of the species that survives, nor the most intelligent that survives. It is the one that is most adaptable to change.Applying these science-based ideas to reading listening to booksThe scientific term for randomiz ed learning scenarios is interleaving, and means to proactively mix up how and what you learn.You want to create interruptions in what youre doing to not only become more fluid in your learning, but to deepen your memory every time you return.I decided to apply these concepts to listening to audio books. I usually listen to 12 full audio books per week. But my approach has always been to listen to one audio book at a time.Once one book was finished, Id start the next one. Then the next.Sometimes, if I really liked a book, Id listen to it 23 times in a row. Often, I go back to books I listened to 15 years ago. Every time I go back, its a different book.But lately Ive been trying something different. I proactively interrupt each book and switch to a different book. Even mid chapter and even when Im totally engaged and loving what Im hearing.Rather than listening to one book at a time, Im now listening to 3 or 4. Every 3060 minutes, I intentionally interrupt one book and switch to anot her. This has had an interesting and profound effect on my learning and creativity.Heres whyWhen you switch books constantly, your brain doesnt bet bored or even slow downEach new book gives the brain an intense dose of novelty - which keeps it engaged and excitedThe books begin to blend into each other - thus I have 4 micro concepts and then one over-arching meta concept that emerges (see Chess example down below)Creativity is all about making connections - and by listening to multiple books at once, the ideas from each book begin to cross-pollinate and blend into each other, thus becoming a web of unique connections (idea heaven)Each time I shift back to a particular book, my brain is forced to remember what the book was about, and the specific concepts being conveyed- which deepens my memory and the impact of each individual bookI listen to these books in diverse environments and apply the ideas in different ways - from books Im writing to conversations with my kidsIf I part icularly like a book, or didnt full grasp it once finished, then it stays in the loop of continually shifting books. Thus repetition can still happen, but in a fluid and adaptive environment. And the mixture of ideas continues to change because the combination and diversity of books is always in flux.To be absolutely clear - this is not about consuming more content. It is simply a different learning strategy - the interleaving method - for consuming the content you were already going to consume anyways. You should still be highly selective about the books and information you read. The question this article takes up is - is there a more impactful way than the typical approach, based on the latest science of the brain and learning?So, Is this shallow or deep work?This may seem shallow, but its not. Its incredibly good for the brain, and can be done in a focused and intentional manner. Youre not interrupting yourself with Facebook out of addiction, youre interrupting one thing with another - both of which are done intentionally. Social Media is rarely done intentionally, but in actuality, is set up to get you scrolling and landing on pages reactively.Master chess players often play multiple boards at once - simultaneous exhibition - where they walk from one board to the next to the next. Josh Waitzkin, who was a former chess master describes the experience of playing multiple boards at once as all the boards blending together. Each game is interrupted by next and the memory is forced deeper and deeper down to remember the specifics of each individual board. Yet, holistically, the whole experience of all the boards takes on a form of its own. The individual parts become a new whole - and the whole evolves beyond the sum of the parts.Interestingly, during the few moments the chess wizard is looking at a single board, their brain is firing potentially 100 or 1,000X more intensely than the single person sitting on the other side of the board. Thus, even though switching continuously, the focus in each individual moment is maximized.Furthermore, each time they return to a particular board, they get a fresh eyes effect - being able to see things they potentially couldnt see before. Conversely, when you stare at the same thing for a long enough period of time, you can miss obvious details. Mindfulness requires a continuous and intentional shift in and awareness of context.The goal is to become the best thinker possible, and to become creative, imaginative, and innovative. If youre not becoming more fluid and adaptive, then youre becoming increasingly irrelevant. The challenges and changes in the world will cripple you.I fear for the man whose life is so routinized that he cant handle all of the shifts happening around him. I fear for the man who has become so specialized that he cant adapt.When you learn how to learn, you can specialize in multiple things at once while becoming increasingly adaptive to the world around you.Your ability to transfer your skills from one environment to another is what will separate you in todays global market-place.Finally, its important to note that no strategy - no matter how scientifically-based - is ironclad. This strategy is no different. Use it, but dont over-adapt to it. In a month or two (or 10), going back to one book straight through may feel electric and new.Ready toupgrade?Ive created a cheat sheet for putting yourself into a PEAK-STATE, immediately. You follow this daily, your life will change very quickly.Get the cheat sheet hereThisarticlefirst appeared on Medium.

Survey finds parents think extracurriculars will help kids earn more money

Survey finds parents think extracurriculars will help kids earn more moneySurvey finds parents think extracurriculars will help kids earn more moneyA new report from CompareCards.com revealed that 81% of parents believe there is a beneficial correlation between the amount of money they spend on extracurricular activities for their children, and the degree it will pay off later. Forty-six percent of parents spend more than a grand a year on their kids nonscholastic activity, and 27% spend more than $2,000.Ninety-percent of the parents that reported spending at least $4,000 a year on these kinds of programs professed that their kid will earn money from it one day. Ninety-four percent of these optimistic parents are currently in debt due to this investment, and two-thirds admitted that maintaining these expenses causes them emotional stress.Follow Ladders on FlipboardFollow Ladders magazines on Flipboard covering Happiness, Productivity, Job Satisfaction, Neuroscience, and moreThe most popular mode of this strategy is sports. Thirty percent of parents reported dumping money into the various costs that accompany joining a sports team, with music following at 16%. Check out the complete list belowSports (30%)Music (16%)Dance (15%)Gymnastics (12%)Cheerleading (9%)Martial arts (8%)Beauty pageants (3%)Debate team (3%)It pays to be well-roundedOf the 62% of parents that are currently in debt, one in 10 owes more than $5,000.The study noted two interestingtrends the more parents spent, the more likely they were to believe theirchildrens income would benefit from these expenses, in addition to being more likely to be stressed. Seventy-six of respondents that reported spending more than $4,000 said they were burdened to some degree because of it.Plastic is the most popular mode of paying for these activities by a pretty significant margin (42%).The authors of the study, encourage parents to handle theirchildrens aspirations with care, however extravagant but duallywarned a bout the harsh realities of the likelihood associated with many of the occupations mentioned above.Despite what 81% of our respondents say, most kids are never going to earn a dime from the activity thats their passion. Some may eventually make a little bit of money on the side, like a musician playing gigs around town for some side cash or a former athlete refereeing recreational league games for a few extra bucks.You might also enjoyNew neuroscience reveals 4 rituals that will make you happyStrangers know your social class in the first seven words you say, study finds10 lessons from Benjamin Franklins daily schedule that will ersatzdarsteller your productivityThe worst mistakes you can make in an interview, according to 12 CEOs10 habits of mentally strong people

This is the thing that keeps Americans from sleeping the most

This is the thing that keeps Americans from sleeping the mostThis is the thing that keeps Americans from sleeping the mostEighty-three percent of respondents surveyed in a recent Well+Good study said that the lack of sufficient sleep takes away from their quality of life, particularly fitness goals. Seventy percent surveyed to be exact, said sleepless nights prohibit consistent exercise, and an additional 64% said that it affects the quality of their output at work.For most, the median amount of time spent lying awake in bed is about six hours. Although the recommendedamount of sleep for an otherwise healthy 18 to 64-year-old is seven to nine hours, it should be noted that exactly when that window is achieved has no effect on sleep quality. There isnt a categorical word on bedtimes, just on the amount of sleep obtained relative to age. Honestly, I dont really ever prescribe an ideal bedtime because theres natural variations from one person to another, licensed sleep expert, Shelby Ha rris PsyD explained to Well+Good.Follow Ladders on FlipboardFollow Ladders magazines on Flipboard covering Happiness, Productivity, Job Satisfaction, Neuroscience, and moreSeven to nine hours of sleep may seem high, but thats only because six hours, has been the reported norm for adults for so long. Data uncovered by researchers at The University of California, San Fransisco, motioned that a rare gene found in only about 3% of the population, allows these select few to function on as few as six hours of sleep per night. For the remaining 97% of us, this is far too little actually.Every physical and cognitive function is influenced by quality sleep. A healthy sleep regimen offers boosts to our immune system, helps us regulate weight loss, and improves memory.Identifying the causeIn Well+Goods report, general stress was occasioned the most often (65%), as far as the reason for chronic insomnia is concerned, with anxietyand work/school following just a few percentages behind (60% and 5 5% respectively). A Bankrate survey from just last year, reports that 41% of Americans are kept up all night due to problems in their relationship, and 36% occasioned financial problems.These commonly reported factors work in unison with predictors of insomnia that are not determined by mental health or external stressors. For instance, in the very same Well+Good study cited above, more than half of the respondent said that they might achieve more qualityrest if their mann an ihrer seite had a different bedtime.In a new study, published by Mattress Firm of over 3,000 individuals, 30% of surveyees said that they had to have the TV on to fall asleep, even though independent research has rebuked this has an effective method of improving sleep hygiene. Another survey, claims that 72% of children ages 6 to 17 sleep with at least one electronic device in their bedroom. In addition to precluding qualityrest, keeping electronic devices, namelycell phones, in the bed with you while you attem pt to sleep, is studied to yield harmful hormonal effects.The daily habits that heavily influence a healthy circadian rhythm often get taken for granted, like the things we eat for instance. As previouslyreported,nutrition plays an enormous role in governing our quality of sleep. DieticianAlison Stowell is a prolific member of The American Dietetic Association. that recently spoke with Ladders, about the specific foods that contribute to higher quality sleep, like seafood, bananas, and chocolate just to name a few.Theres a lot of studied sleep remedies for those that are not too keen on taking supplements or medication. Exercise is a recommendation that accompanies most health regiments. One Medical recommends at least thirty minutes of exercise for quality sleep most days of the week.Intense to moderate physical activity causes an increase in body temperature. Once weve stopped exercising and drop back down to normal temperatures, the body is met with a calming effect that has been shown to promote sleep.You might also enjoyNew neuroscience reveals 4 rituals that will make you happyStrangers know your social class in the first seven words you say, study finds10 lessons from Benjamin Franklins daily schedule that will double your productivityThe worst mistakes you can make in an interview, according to 12 CEOs10 habits of mentally strong people